《我们的食物里到底有什么?——园外初中部生物选修课侧记》
从科学角度设问,我们为什么每天都要吃饭呢?通过生物课的学习,七年级的孩子们已经知道了:人摄取食物,从中获得营养物质,同时也获得能量。食物中含有蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、水、无机盐和维生素这六大营养物质,其中有机物如脂肪中储存了大量的能量。纸上得来终觉浅,学生们都摩拳擦掌准备亲自动手验证。From a scientific perspective, why do we have to eat every day? In Biology Class, our 7th graders learned about the answer: people get nutrients and energy to support their physical bodies by ingesting food. Food mainly covers six nutrients: protein, fat, sugar, water, inorganic salts and vitamins. By experimenting themselves, these young learners eventually discovered the mechanism.
实验前,生物老师简单进行一些演示操作。因为部分实验要用到酒精灯,老师会特别提醒规范操作和实验安全的问题,同学们听得都很认真。我们将本学期开展的相关实验,选择具有代表性的4个,展示如下:
Before experiment, the biology teacher demonstrated and gave some simple instructions to students. In particular, the teacher reminded them of certain standard operations and experimental safety. Among all experiments this semester, four classic ones are listed as below:
验证玉米种子里含有水分
To testify that the corn seeds contain water.
实验中需要把小试管放在酒精灯火焰上加热,要注意对试管预热。先来回移动几次,再集中加热,以免试管受热不均炸裂。
During the experiment, students were required to preheat the test tubes by using an alcohol lamp. Besides, they also had to move the tubes back and forth several times to avoid bursts.
验证维生素C的还原性
To testify the reducibility of vitamin C.
这里发生了一个奇妙的变色现象:往淀粉溶液中滴加碘酒,震荡摇匀,白色溶液变成蓝色;再往蓝色溶液中挤入几滴柠檬汁,震荡摇匀,渐渐褪色,又恢复成白色。
They witnessed an amazing phenomenon: When Iodine was added into the starch solution, its color turned from white to blue, while a few drops of lemon juice turned the blue solution to white again.
验证鸡蛋清中含有蛋白质
To testify that egg white contains protein.
当当当,大家都打过鸡蛋,但是怎么把蛋清和蛋黄彻底分离开是个技术活!分离好了蛋清,接下来就是观察加热后的变化了。——嗯,自制蒸蛋小作坊
It was really a tough job for students to separate egg whites from egg yolks. But after egg yolks were prepared, they could not wait to see how the liquid became the solid.
验证花生种子中含有脂肪和能量
To testify that peanut seeds contain fat and energy
燃烧花生种子的过程的确有点“惊心动魄”,火焰把试管底部熏得黢黑,而温度计测量的水温由19℃升到80℃左右。
The whole process of burning peanut seeds was indeed a bit "thrilling". The bottom of the test tube turned black while water temperature rose from 19 ° C to 80 ° C.
以生物教材理论知识为基础,编排实施趣味实验,落实学生对于生物课程的课外拓展与知识巩固;与此同时,通过掌握基本的生物研究方法和实践动手能力,培养学生的科学精神与探究理念,是园外初中部开设生物选修课践行的态度与宗旨。时间过得真快,本学期的趣味生物实验暂告一个段落,让我们共同期待下学期的精彩课堂吧。
We seek to plan fun biological experiments to extend students’ horizon and help enhance their understanding towards certain knowledge points based on theories. Besides, we hope to nurture students' scientific and inquiry spirit after they grasp some basic research methods and practical skills. It is also the original purpose of our optional course. Let us look forward to more interesting classes next semester.
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